Eric William Ravilious (22 July 1903 a 2 September 1942) was a British painter, designer, book illustrator and wood-engraver.
He grew up in East Sussex, and is particularly known for his watercolours of the South Downs and other English landscapes.
Well known for his iconic work for Wedgwood, Ravilious is widely considered one of the key figures in mid-20th century British design but he was also one of the finest watercolourists of the century.
His astonishingly prolific career spanned peace and war. With the outbreak of World War II Ravilious was assigned to the Royal Navy as one of the first Official War Artists finding new ways to capture and preserve the fleeting record of passing timea|
Although he died at the age of only 39, Ravilious was largely responsible for the revival of English watercolour painting. He started out under the tutelage of Paul Nash at the Royal College of Art and although hugely versatile it was painting that Ravilious saw as his true vocation.
A film of his life, Drawn to War, came out in 2022:
The Seattle Times:
Kammerzell, a 27-year department veteran, first was disciplined in July 2021 after a detective complained that an insignia used by high-ranking generals in Adolf Hitlerâs Third Reich appeared on Kammerzellâs office door above his nameplate in September 2020.
An internal investigation concluded that Kammerzell knew full well the meaning of the insignia, which belonged to an âObergruppenfuhrerâ a a high official in Hitlerâs dreaded paramilitary Schutzstaffel or SS, which was responsible for the systematic murders of millions of Jews and others in Europe during World War II.
Kammerzell also had been overheard joking about the Holocaust, according to the internal investigation, saying that his grandfather had died in the Holocaust a when he got drunk and fell out of a Nazi guard tower.
Christmas cards and Christmas gifts are now at a 20% discount in the Flashbak Shop. Just enter the vouched code âALLGOODTHINGSâ to claim your discount. Itâs not just a Christmas card sale. Flashbak has saving on their very high-quality prints â which all come with free shipping, so you can send them to a loved one as a beautiful Christmas gift.
More great Christmas cards.
Get Christmas cards and more on the Flashbak Shop.
O Jogo do Bicho A(c) uma das formas de entretenimento mais antigas no Brasil, sendo popular em muitas regiAues do paAs. Neste artigo, exploraremos a histA3ria, funcionamento, impacto na sociedade e a situaASSAPSo atual do Jogo do Bicho no Brasil.
O Jogo do Bicho continua a ser uma parte significativa da cultura e do entretenimento no Brasil. Apesar de sua popularidade, enfrenta desafios legais e sociais que influenciam seu futuro.
Over at the Flashbak Shop, theyâve got what might be the coolest wrapping paper ever. With designs by the likes of Ernst Haeckel, Louis Wain, Gustav Klimt and Wassily Kandinsky, your gift will never look better. Never buy boring wrapping paper again. Check out their full range of wrapping paper.
They also have great deal on their gorgeous fine art greeting cards and postcards â buy any 10 or more and get 20% off your total order. Postcards come with a craft envelope, so you can make art part of any gift.
Check out the Flashbak Shop for the coolest wrapping paper ever and much more.
Football and golf are two sports that seem to go hand in hand. It has been proven for decades that footballers can escape the everyday pressures of football by playing golf.
A relaxing sport, many current and ex-professionals have excelled not only on the pitch but also on the greens.Â
As recently as the start of this month, we saw Premier League club Brightonas stars take on a golfing challenge courtesy of Betway, with Lewis Dunk, Shane Duffy, Pascal Gross and Adam Lallana going up against each other in pairs to see who could drive the ball the furthest, who could hit an approach nearest the pin and who could scramble their way out of a bunker.A
As you can imagine with four professional footballers the action was competitive and there were also several questionable moments, as you can see in the video below.
Letas now look at the most famous footballers who also love golf.
Gareth Bale
It would be wrong to start any article talking about which footballers are good at golf without mentioning Gareth Bale. In fact, if there is any footballer that might spike an interest in the golf betting were he to join the tour, it would be Bale, such is his reputed love for the game.
Despite getting off to an electric start at Real Madrid, things have soured for the Welshman and part of that is because of Baleas love of golf.
The Welsh Wizard has made no secret about his love for the game and itas reported that he has recreated some of the most famous holes in the world at his home. Over the last few seasons, Bale has had a string of different injuries and many in the Spanish media believe it is just his way of ensuring that he can play more golf.Â
Harry Kane
The Spurs and English hitman loves his golf a as football fans would have seen in his interview on Gary Nevilleas Overlap podcast â and reportedly plays off a four handicap. Kaneas love of the game is so great that he has been to watch The Open in person as well as making a whistle-stop tour to this yearas Masters.
Kane loves spending time on the golf course and who knows what the future might bring once he has hung up his boots.
Andriy Shevchenko
The former Ukrainian star is a mad golfer. The ex Chelsea and AC Milan striker even turned professional back in 2013, competing in the Kharkov Superior Cup. Despite finishing 121st out of 131 players, Shevchenko is one of the best footballers to make the transition from the pitch to the fairways.
Alan Shearer
Alan Shearer is the Premier Leagueas top scorer and he has shown numerous times that he can be just as effective on the golf course. At any of the leading Pro Am events in the UK Shearer is a name you will often see on the leaderboard.Â
You canA buy printsA of Gerry Cranhamas spellbinding photographs in theA Flashbak shop.Gerry captures the thrill of seeing halos of bright hues appended against the black night sky as mankindas wattage vies to usurp the moon and the give substance to lifeas fragility. Rather than seeing the neon lights as part of messages to pull us in off the street and into restaurants and clubs, Cranham plays with them, creating transformative clusters of abstract images, so that words and signs show us how light sculpts, altering what we see and how we see it.
Copyright Gerry Cranham,. Pictures not be used without permission.
In other news, Kyiv Mayor and former boxing champion, Vitale Klitschko, says his people must fight like the Israelis.
aWe have to learn from Israel how to defend our country, with every citizen,a he told the Jerusalem Post. aIf they love the country, they need to be ready to defend the country. We have a lot to learn from Israel because we need every citizen to defend his home and his future.a
His fatheras mother is Jewish. aI am proud to have Jewish blood,a he said. Around 900,000 Ukrainian Jews were murdered in the Shoah.
In 2009, the then Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko gave Roman Shukhevych, an SS officer responsible for the massacre of tens of thousands of Jews, the title of hero of Ukraine.
In 2017, a street named after General Nikolai Vatutin, who liberated Kyiv from the Nazis, was to be named after Shukhevych. The decision was passed by the city council with a majority of 69 out of 120.
In Ukraine, history is never far awayâ¦
If it was a bold statement against Russiaâs invasion of Ukraine it was done far away from Vladimir Putinâs goons.
Oleg Artemyev, Denis Matveev and Sergey Korsakov took off from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan for a six-month stay aboard the orbiting laboratory yesterday, joining the crew of two Russians, four Americans and one German.
In a message to Earth, Artemyev said crews choose their own outfits. aIt became our turn to pick a colour. But, in fact, we had accumulated a lot of yellow material so we needed to use it. So thatas why we had to wear yellow.a
Whether or not the message reached the Russian people trammelled by the countryâs censored media is no clear. After all, theyâve lied before about what goes on in spaceâ¦
William Nicholson designed his âLondon Typesâ in 1898. Printmaker William Nicholson worked in partnership with his brother-in-law James Pryde, under the pseudonym the Beggarstaff Brothers.
Spitalfields Life
See the full set of prints at Flashbak.Although not strictly aCries of London,a some of these characters are familiar from earlier series of prints stretching back over the previous century and, recognising this, Nicholson portrays them as quaint curiosities from another age. In each case, the ironic doggerel by W.E. Henley that accompanied them poked fun at the anachronistic nature of these social stereotypes, through outlining the ambivalent existence of the individual subjects a whether the street hawker displaced in Kensington far from his East End home, or the aristocratic lady at Rotten Row challenged by her suburban counterparts, or the drunken Sandwich-man displaying moral texts, or the fifteenth generation Bluecoat boy at Charterhouse School in Smithfield now moved out to Horsham.
Spotter:A i love typographyAlthough renowned for his designs for Dutch banknotes and postage stamps, Oxenaar was a prolific designer of book spines. This wasnat done for commercial publishers, but for books in his own library. When he didnat care for what he saw poking out from a shelf (or when he needed to procrastinate) he would make his own spine for a book. The result is a fantastic and fantastical mosaic made of tall-and-skinny strips, hand-lettered and drawn with great skill and great whimsy.
You can explore them at the National Jukebox, the Library of Congressa archive of sound.
You can find music to go with your version of A. A. Milneas firstA Winnie the PoohA book. Here are some more books now in the public domain:
Regina Valkenborgh set up the camera in 2012. And then forgot about it. It was found in September principal technical officer David Campbell tied to one of the observatoryas telescopes. He told Valkenborgh, who says:
It was a stroke of luck that the picture was left untouched, to be saved by David after all these years. I had tried this technique a couple of times at the Observatory before, but the photographs were often ruined by moisture and the photographic paper curled up. I hadnat intended to capture an exposure for this length of time and to my surprise, it had survived. It could be one of, if not the, longest exposures in existence.
If you love pictures, check out the Flashbakshop.
William S. Burroughs, author of Junky, Naked Lunch, the Revised Boy-Scout Manual, the writer who terrorised Soho, is seen in this 1990s video by Gus Van Sant (Good Will Hunting) reading his poem Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 28, 1986, aka Thanksgiving Prayer.
Sony has released its new poster for Spider-Man: No Way Home which focuses on Tom Holland as Spider-Man, but also, Benedict Cumberbatch as Doctor Stranger and Zendaya as MJ. The poster comes after last weekas trailer release which confirmed the appearances of Sandman from Spider-Man 3 and Lizard from The Amazing Spider-Man.Â
The latter two movies are simply two of the many Spider-Man appearances that this comic character has had over the years. Spider-Man appeared in other movies such as Iron Man 2, in various TV series, comics, docuseries, one-shots, clothing merchandise, popular video games such as the Spider-Man video game in 2018, and even in online casinos as slot games such as Spider-Man: Attack of the Green Goblin by Playtech, the developer behind some of the best new slot sites out there.A
Albeit in arm form for Doc Ock, the three main villains also appear on the poster, Doctor Octopus, the Green Goblin, and Electro. However, what struck fans the most out of this poster is the fact that the Goblin appears as a maskless Willem Dafoe.Â
There is still so much speculation to be made on Spider-Man: No Way Home. It is still very unclear the roles that Tobey Maguire and Andrew Garfield will have in this movie. However, Sony is doing a great job at keeping the mystery for this movie which is further creating the necessary hype and tension.Â
Spider-Man: No Way Home will also see the return of Marisa Tomei as May Parker, Tony Revolori as Flash Thompson, and J.K. Simmons as J. Jonah Jameson. What we know so far about the movie is that it will pick up from where Spider-Man: Far From Home left off, with Peter Parker trying to clear his name from the damage that Mysterio has done. He attempts to seek help from Doctor Strange, although this will backfire and cause other complications for Peter.Â
Spider-Man: No Way Home will hit the theatres on December 17.Â
The Apostrophiser should find more work. The language fan been correcting the misuse of apostrophes in Bristol. He reacted to such horrors as aOpen Mondayas to Fridayasa, aAmys Nailasa and âCambridge Motorasa.
Weâve been here before many times. The Telegraph has pressed f9 on the keyboard and couched up a regular filler:
Have we murdered the apostrophe? â BBC Culture â 2020
âWhy the Apostrophe Protection Society has closed in disgustâ â Guardian, 2019
âDo apostrophes still matter?â â BBC News, 2019
âLets get rid of the apostropheâ [sic] â ABC News, 2018
âThe apostrophe isnât dead yetâ â The Atlantic, 2014
âWhat is happening with the apostrophe is that itâs just dying outâ â Globe And Mail, 2005
The apostrophe will die out when editors can find something to replace the news of its dying out. And when Waterstoneas bookshop â founder: Tim Waterstone â become Waterstones, the clock is ticking.
Watson and his accomplice Adrian Awty, 45, also stole keys, bank cards and a pair of Vivienne Westwood earrings on September 28.
Watson then made his escape by concealing the money down the front of his trousers. However, he and an accomplice were later identified and arrested by police.
Zac Goldsmith is the UK environment minister. Heâs chuffed to bits about the aunprecedenteda conservation deal by more than 100 world leaders to halt and reverse deforestation and land degradation by 2030. Sounds good.
âThe market has been blind to the value of the environment,â he tells the Guardian. âThe [current economic] incentives to deforest are 40 times bigger than the incentives to keep healthy forests, so changing that is difficult.a
Itâs about the money, right? People need to eat and live. So trees get felled for farming and mining. Which brings us to Zac and how he got to be Lord Goldsmith and minted.
Heâs the son of billionaire businessman and financier James Goldsmith. In 1998, his uncle Edward Goldsmith made him editor of The Ecologist magazine, a position he retained until 2007.
And heâs just the latest extremely wealthy posho to tell us how to live. Why are all these elites so keen to be friends with the Earth? Well, it is where you source diamonds and gold, right.
Prince Charles told the Cop26 climate summit that Earth is in athe last chance saloona and that athe future of humanity and nature herself are at stakeâ. We should be on a âwar-like footingâ, says Charles who employed a man to squeeze his toothpaste. Harry and Meghan take time out from their occasional use of aviation fuel to tell us about the urgent need to be carbon neutral and why having more than two children is wrong. The Queen wants us to cut down and protect the children â no, not from her sonâs now-dead former friend Jeffrey Epstein â but from excess. Weâre being lectured by the extremely wealthy to behave better by accepting less. If you could harness the power of eye rolling, weâd be carbon neutral by Friday.
In the 1980s, Heavenâs Magic were begging Cathy not to go to the supermarket. The Devil was waiting there for her with his â666â scanner. The song was produced by a Christian religious movement Family International, previously known as Children of God and Family of Love.
Have you ever had the experience of getting tantalisingly close to a big opportunity in your creative career a but not quite making it? Maybe it was a pitch, or a competition, a publishing opportunity, a senior role, or a funding application. Maybe you got really positive feedback. They said you were great, your work [â¦]
The post Are You in the Ballpark? (finally, The 21st Century Creative on YouTube) appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
When the Covid 19 pandemic struck in 2020, human life on earth was massively disrupted. Not only the human tragedy of millions of lives lost, but also the social and economic damage caused by the virus and our attempts to control it. As a writer and a coach for creatives, I have been particularly concerned [â¦]
The post Creative Disruption: How 12 Creatives on 5 Continents Rose to the Challenge of the Pandemic appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 10 of the Creative Disruption season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. Itas been my most ambitious season yet, with creatives from 5 continents and probably the closest Iall ever [â¦]
The post How I Created, Funded and Launched My New Podcast (while the World Was in Meltdown) appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 9 of the Creative Disruption season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. This week we are off to Tokyo, to meet Ichi Hatano, a wonderful artist whose work has deep [â¦]
The post From Tattoos to NFTs with Ichi Hatano appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 8 of the Creative Disruption season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. Have you ever had the idea for a creative project that youave never quite got round to starting? [â¦]
The post Using Lockdown to Launch a Dream Project with Nicky Mondellini appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
If you work on your own a in your office or studio, or your bedroom or at your kitchen table a it can feel like no one is watching. So it doesnat matter whether you show up. If you skipped a day on your novel, who would know? If you didnat go to the studio [â¦]
The post All Arts Are Performing Arts appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 7 of the Creative Disruption season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. Today weare focusing on a creative sector that is close to my heart, which was massively disrupted but [â¦]
The post Taking Deep Work Online with Laura Davis appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
A few months ago I was listening to the DavidBowie: AlbumtoAlbum podcast, a terrific show about Bowie hosted by Arsalan Mohammed. In Season 3 episode 11 Arsalan spoke to Donny McCaslin, the leader of the jazz band that Bowie discovered in a New York club, and asked to work with him on what turned out [â¦]
The post Sometimes You Have to Grind the Work Out appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 6 of the Creative Disruption season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. Today we are off to Australia in the company of Charlotte Abroms, a music manager based in Melbourne [â¦]
The post Helping Musicians Through Lockdown with Charlotte Abroms appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Last week I suggested that if youare serious about achieving your creative ambitions, you need to think in terms of projects, not tasks. Because if you get up every morning and ask yourself aWhat should I work on today?a you risk making decisions based on what feels urgent right now, rather than what will make [â¦]
The post Work on Multifaceted Projects appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 5 of the CREATIVE DISRUPTION season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. Today we are going to look at one of the biggest challenge for many people during lockdown, whether [â¦]
The post Staying Creative as a Parent (Even in a Pandemic) with Kay Lock Kolp appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
When we think of productivity we typically think about tasks and to-do lists, working habits and routines. We focus on how to make the most of our time on a daily or at most a weekly basis. All of which is great, but if this is all we focus on, thereas a danger of getting [â¦]
The post Focus on Projects, Not Tasks appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 4 of the CREATIVE DISRUPTION season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. Today we meet Amrita Kumar, the co-founder and CEO of Candid Marketing, an innovative marketing agency in India. [â¦]
The post Launching a New Business in the Pandemic with Amrita Kumar appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Marketing is a word that strikes fear into the heart of a lot of creatives. Itas an area where a lot of us feel we donat have a natural talent a weare far more comfortable making work than telling the world about it, let alone trying to get people to buy it. One reason for [â¦]
The post Make Your Marketing Personal with a Media Dashboard appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 3 of the CREATIVE DISRUPTION season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. Today we are looking at the world of film and TV production, which was massively disrupted by the [â¦]
The post Rebooting Global Filming with Hometeam appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
A lot of creative professions involve submitting work to gatekeepers of various kinds: agents, editors, publishers, gallerists, funders, producers, studios and competition judges and so on. Yes, the 21st century gives us plenty of options for creating things without gatekeepers a you can sell direct, build your own platform, launch your own event, self-publish or [â¦]
The post Why Rejection Doesnat (Necessarily) Mean Your Work Isnat Good Enough appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Welcome to Episode 2 of the CREATIVE DISRUPTION season of The 21st Century Creative, where we are hearing stories of creatives around the world who came up with a creative response to the challenges of the pandemic. This week we are off to South Africa, to hear from Earl Abrahams, an artist and filmmaker who [â¦]
The post Lockdown Series: Windows on a Changed World with Earl Abrahams appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
aEat a live frog first thing in the morning and nothing worse will happen to you for the rest of the day.a This quote is often attributed to Mark Twain. Apparently thereas no hard evidence linking it to him, but that hasnat stopped it from concentrating the minds of many people when they ask themselves [â¦]
The post Eat that Frog (But Eat the Cake as Well) appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Today we kick off Season 6 of The 21st Century Creative, the podcast that helps you thrive as a creative professional amid the demands, distractions and opportunities of the 21st Century. The theme for this season is CREATIVE DISRUPTION. Every episode will feature an interview with a creator whose work was disrupted by the Covid-19 [â¦]
The post The Rocky Road for Theatre through the Pandemic with Steven Kunis appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
I hope this finds you as well as can be. Here in the UK weare bracing for what we are assured will be a large wave of Omicron. I know things may be very different for you, depending on where you are in the world. But whatever the circumstances, I hope you are finding your [â¦]
The post Video: Forget the Career Ladder a Start Creating Assets appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Today is the launch of my new podcast, and itas something Iave been planning and dreaming of sharing with you for years. Itas called A Mouthful of Air. And in several ways, itas the opposite of my 21st Century Creative podcast. I designed the two shows to work together from the start, although itâs taken [â¦]
The post My new podcast (and why itas the opposite of The 21st Century Creative) appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Last night I was about to go to bed when I suddenly remembered an idea Iad had for an article a few months ago. Though I say so myself, it was a great idea, and I was keen to revisit it, so I opened up the Scrivener project where I had written it downa| and [â¦]
The post Ideas Are Leprechauns appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Todayas guest on The 21st Century Creative is Michael Bungay Stanier, a returning guest whose interview way back in Season 1 proved very popular. And his book The Coaching Habit turned out to be even more popular, as it went on to sell three quarters of a million copies. Michael is back with some excellent [â¦]
The post Avoiding the Advice Trap with Michael Bungay Stanier appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
A lot of productivity advice tells us that we need to stop procrastinating, beat Resistance, and get things done. The Americans like to talk about ashippinga, meaning finished and sent out for delivery. This emphasis on getting things done and out to market is part of their extraordinary entrepreneurial culture. Famously, Guy Kawasaki even said [â¦]
The post Every Creative Project Is a Revolving Door appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Todayas guest on The 21st Century Creative is Krystal Lauk, an illustrator who took an unconventional path by creating illustrations for tech companies, and founded a studio that counts Google, Uber, Facebook and The New York Times among its clients. Itas a fascinating story of discovery and enterprise at what Krystal calls athe intersection of [â¦]
The post The 21st Century Illustrator with Krystal Lauk appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Iave recently started taking one-to-one Japanese conversation lessons. It hasnat been easy. In fact, itas been a bit of a humbling experience. Between work and family responsibilities, I only have 30 minutes a day to study Japanese, and Iave spent this time every day for the past two years memorising kanji characters, vocabulary and grammar [â¦]
The post You Have to be Bad to Get Good appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Todayas guest on The 21st Century Creative is Cynthia Morris, a coach for creatives who shares insights on the book-writing process, based on her latest book The Busy Womanas Guide to Writing a World-Changing Book. So if you are contemplating writing a book â whether itas your first one or your twenty-first â there is [â¦]
The post Writing a World-Changing Book with Cynthia Morris appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
If you think about overhearing something, you probably think of listening to someone elseas conversation, whether deliberately or accidentally, and picking up a titbit of information that you would never otherwise have been privy to. It might be funny, or shocking or useful, or â as in the case of so many loud phone calls [â¦]
The post The Art of Overhearing Yourself appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
Todayas guest on The 21st Century Creative is Emily Kimelman, a thriller author who has travelled the world in a boat and criss-crossed the USA in an Airstream trailer while writing and publishing her books, and selling hundreds of thousands of copies in the process. Emilyas adventurous spirit shines through in her writing as well [â¦]
The post The Adventure of Writing with Emily Kimelman appeared first on Creative Coach | Mark McGuinness | Since 1996.
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